Effects of Environmental Stresses (Heat, Salt, Waterlogging) on Grain Yield and Associated Traits of Wheat under Application of Sulfur-Coated Urea

Abiotic stresses, such as heat, salt, waterlogging, and multiple-stress environments have significantly reduced wheat production in recent decades. There is a need to use effective strategies for overcoming crop losses due these abiotic stresses. Fertilizer-based approaches are readily available can be managed all farming communities. This research revealed the effects of sulfur-coated urea (SCU, 130 kg ha−1, release time 120 days) on crops under combined-stress climatic conditions. The was done using completely randomized design with three replicates. results that SCU at rate N ha−1 showed (p ≤ 0.05) high SPAD value (55) case waterlogging stress, while it lowest (31) heat stress; control had 58. Stress application leaf area highest (1898 cm2), followed by salt stress (1509 (1478 (1298 cm2). A yield observed (3623.47 ha−1) among 10,270 up 35% after stress. Among 5473.16 ha−1. significant correlation growth rate, spike length, yield, physiological constraints content soil. fertilizer least against but could tolerate plants. findings suggested feasibility adding an alternative normal alleviate stresses improve traits. For tolerance, applicability longer period ~180 days recommended future prospect study.